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　　For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not

　　tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under

　　more favorable circumstances.

　　句子分析：

　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do

　　not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up

　　under more favorable circumstances.

　　第二、句子的结构：

　　1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell.。。

　　2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able

　　3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances

　　第三、词的处理：

　　hey 指示代词，测试

　　compensate for 弥补

　　gross social inequality 明显的社会不公

　　and thus 因此

　　ell 说明

　　underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的

　　under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下

　　参考译文：

　　例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。